The outbreak of COVID-19 is severely affecting mental health worldwide, although individual response may vary. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress perceived by the Italian general population during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze affective temperament and adult attachment styles as potential mediators. Through an online survey, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information and evaluated distress, temperament, and attachment using the Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire short version (TEMPS-A) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). In our sample (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;500), 62% of the individuals reported no likelihood of psychological distress, whereas 19.4% and 18.6% displayed mild and moderate-to-severe likelihood. Cyclothymic (OR 1.24; p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.001), depressive (OR 1.52; p&nbsp; less then &nbsp;0.001) and anxious (OR 1.58; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.002) temperaments, and the ASQ "Needment and attachment characteristics in the psychological response to the ongoing pandemic. Our results provide further insight into developing targeted intervention strategies. BACKGROUND There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. METHODS We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions (1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; (2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and (3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database on 24th March 2020. Eligibility criteria were developed individually for each question. We assessed risk of bias for individual studies, and used the GRADE process to assess evidence certainty by outcome. RESULTS We included eleven studies two cohort studies, one case control study, five case reports, and three manikin randomised controlled trials. We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. Data from manikin studies indicates that donning of personal protective equipment delays treatment delivery. Studies provided only indirect evidence, with no study describing patients with COVID-19. Evidence certainty was low or very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. There is very limited evidence and a rapid need for further studies. Review registration PROSPERO CRD42020175594. V.Older patients with cognitive impairment exhibit worse masticatory performance (MP), which may be attributed to poorer abilities of control, learning, and adaptation of oral sensorimotor functions. This study tested the hypothesis that the association between the structural signature of the right premotor cortex (which relates to sensorimotor integration) and masticatory performance would differ between cognitively impaired (CI) and healthy older people. Thirty-one CI and 31 non-CI older participants (aged 60-84&nbsp;years; male female&nbsp;=&nbsp;28 34) were recruited and between-group matched for the average age and sex ratio. All the participants received T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessments of MP and the number of missing teeth (NMT). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to quantify the gray matter volume (GMV). VBM analyses revealed that in the non-CI but not the CI group, MP was positively correlated with regional GMV at the right premotor cortex (PMC) (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.036, corrected for familywise error under small volume correction), controlling for the participants' sex, age, NMT, and total intracranial volume. Multiple linear regression models revealed that in the non-CI group, the right PMC (beta&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.3, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.049) was a significant predictor of individual MP. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ana-12.html In the CI group, only NMT (beta&nbsp;=&nbsp;-0.7, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.001) was a significant predictor of MP. In non-CI older people, both the NMT and the regional GMV of the right PMC contributed to individual MP. In contrast, in CI patients, tooth loss was the dominant factor in MP. An altered association of the brain-stomatognathic system could be linked to cognitive impairment. The death prevalence from cardiovascular disease is significantly high in elderly-populations, while mitochondrial-aging plays an important in abnormal function of vital organs through high mitochondrial ROS production. Mitochondria have a unique mode of action by providing ATP production and modulating the cytosolic Ca2+-signaling and maintain the redox status of cardiomyocytes. There is an aging-associated impairment in oxidative phosphorylation which causes a marked dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, can directly provide a cardioprotective effect on ventricular cardiomyocyte function under in vitro conditions. The MitoTEMPO-treatment (0.1&nbsp;μM for 4-h) of aged-ventricular cardiomyocytes (from 24-mo-old rats), compared to those of the adults (from 8-mo-old rats) markedly augmented not only the depressed biochemical parameters but also the ultrastructure of mitochondria. It also provided marked protective action against increased mitochondrial superoxide formation and Bnip3 overexpression, which both markedly induce depolarized mitochondrial potential, increase reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial swelling and fission, and accelerate mitochondrial turnover via autophagy. Furthermore, it provided marked protection against spontaneous action potentials, via shortening the prolonged action potential duration, at most, through recovery in depressed K+-channel currents. Moreover, we determined significant recovery in the depressed intracellular Ca2+-changes under electrical stimulation in MitoTEMPO-treated the aged-cardiomyocytes. Overall, we provided important information associated with an antiarrhythmic action, thereby controlling cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+-handling, implying its possible protective role of mitochondria-targeting antioxidant-treatment during aging.